Base fee
Ethereum’s protocol-set execution fee per gas unit, which adjusts with block demand and is burned.
In more detail
The base fee is the part of an Ethereum execution fee determined by the protocol. It changes as blocks fill above or below their target usage, so yesterday's quote isn't today's promise. This part is burned rather than paid to the block proposer; a priority fee is a separate component.
How you might use it
Your wallet’s maximum fee no longer covers the rising base fee, so the transaction waits until it can be included or you replace it.
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