Permission for a specified spender to move tokens under the token contract's rules.
"I approved the swap contract for 50 tokens. Why hasn't anything swapped? Approval was the permission step."
A compact zero-knowledge proof construction often used to prove that hidden transaction amounts lie within valid ranges.
A confidential transaction proves its hidden output amount is in range without publishing that amount.
A loan that must be repaid under the protocol’s rules within the same atomic transaction.
One transaction borrows tokens, trades across two venues and repays the loan plus its required fee; without repayment, the operation reverts.
A procedure that generates public cryptographic parameters under assumptions about how secret setup material is handled.
A proving system publishes its ceremony records so users can examine how its shared parameters were created.
An attack that plants a lookalike address in transaction history to encourage a later transfer to the wrong recipient.
"That address came from a recent spam transfer, not from the person I meant to pay."
A trading attack that places transactions before and after another trader's trade to exploit its price movement.
Your pending swap is bracketed by an attacker's buy before it and sell afterward, exploiting the pool price movement your trade causes.
An EdDSA digital signature scheme using the Edwards25519 curve and its specified hashing and encoding rules.
A Solana wallet produces an Ed25519 signature over the transaction message it authorizes.
A liquidity position’s value shortfall compared with holding the deposited assets, caused by changing relative prices.
Your LP position earned fees, but after one token rose sharply you calculate that holding the original tokens would have been worth more.
A Solana transaction message marked with a format version so clients can interpret its structure correctly.
An older indexer cannot read a transaction until it supports that message version.
The unit Ethereum uses to measure the computation and other resources a transaction consumes.
Your swap reverts because the price moved, but the wallet still shows a network fee for the attempted transaction.