Double spending
An attempt to spend the same digital funds in two conflicting payments.
In more detail
Copying a file is easy; making copied money count twice is the problem. A blockchain's rules and consensus mechanism settle on a history where conflicting spends cannot both succeed. Seeing a payment broadcast is therefore different from having confidence that its accepted history will stay in place.
How you might use it
Someone broadcasts two Bitcoin transactions using the same UTXO. The accepted chain can include one of those spends, but not both.
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