State root
A cryptographic commitment to blockchain state using its defined authenticated data structure.
In more detail
A state root summarizes a particular version of account and storage information. On Ethereum, a verifier can check a proof about an account or contract against that state. It commits to the data, rather than replacing the data a node needs to reconstruct or execute the state.
How you might use it
Your client verifies an account balance proof against one accepted Ethereum block's state root, tying the claim to that specific state.
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