Checksum
Extra information used to detect certain accidental changes in encoded data.
In more detail
A checksum helps software notice mistyped addresses or damaged data. It is a consistency check, not a certificate saying a recipient is trustworthy. Ethereum's EIP-55 uses capitalization to carry checksum information, but an address passing the check can still belong to the wrong person.
How you might use it
Your wallet flags a typo in a checksummed address. A scammer's correctly checksummed address could still pass that consistency check.
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