Collision resistance
The difficulty of finding two different inputs that produce the same cryptographic hash.
In more detail
A fixed-length hash has fewer outputs than all possible inputs, so collisions must exist. Collision resistance means finding a useful pair should be computationally impractical. It matters when a hash commits to a document: an attacker should not be able to substitute different contents with a matching digest.
How you might use it
An attacker wants a harmless-looking file and an altered file to share one digest, so the altered version can pass the same hash check.
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