Signing structured Ethereum messages using a format such as EIP-712.
Your wallet displays the spender, amount and deadline as readable EIP-712 fields instead of presenting only opaque bytes.
A token-spending permission set to a very large allowance rather than the amount needed for one action.
"I'm swapping 20 tokens, but the approval request covers far more than this swap."
An ERC-4337 data structure describing an operation requested by a smart account.
Your smart-account app shows a pending UserOperation while a bundler prepares the transaction that will carry it onchain.
The proportion of a lending pool’s supplied liquidity that is currently borrowed.
Borrowing demand rises in a lending pool, pushing utilization up and leaving less unborrowed liquidity for suppliers to withdraw immediately.
An unspent Bitcoin transaction output that a future transaction can consume.
A participant that performs consensus duties such as checking, proposing or voting on blocks.
Your validator dashboard reports missed attestations after an internet outage, so you check the connection before looking only at the reward estimate.
A cryptographic proof that a claimed computation or state transition follows specified rules.
The proof links the rollup's previous state, batch and proposed new state according to the execution rules the verifier checks.
A scaling design that uses validity proofs while keeping transaction data outside the settlement chain.
"The execution proof checks out, but the data committee is withholding the data I need to prepare a withdrawal."
The extent to which an asset's price or returns vary over a specified period.
"Green, red, green again. My chart has had a very busy week." Those large swings produce high observed volatility for that period.
Software or hardware that manages blockchain accounts and helps authorize transactions.
"I changed wallet apps, but my assets stayed at the same blockchain address."